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Total Solar Eclipse and the Picture of the Universe

Few are aware of the imminent cosmic phenomenon that sweeps all across USA in its splendor and rarity—the wonder of total solar eclipse. August 21st of this year will mark its occurrence after a void of almost 100 years, when it had painted the entire nation in the year 1918 (In the year 1979 it touched a tiny spot in the northern USA before veering off northbound). The whole effort of this year’s annual ASP (Astronomical Society of the Pacific) meeting was to spread out the word, engage as many science followers as possible into the majesty of this celestial display; urge them on into once in a lifetime kind of show.

There were stimulating talks disseminating the scientific background, and the enormous efforts that have been put in to popularize, educate, and incite on the appearance and experience of a total solar eclipse itself. And the ASP plans to upload all the talks on their website, in the hope to spur on a wider enthusiasm and interest.  Here is some useful set of information to help you prepare and indulge if you feel interested: NASA (1), Being in the Shadow (2), Great American Eclipse (3).

I being an ardent proponent of the physical sciences indeed tuned in, and pitched my own take on the subject of total solar eclipse, and how this phenomenon has played a vital role in revealing the basic principles of how the universe structures and continues. So here is my talk—The Eclipse that Changed the Picture of the Universe—at the meeting, in case you feel inspired.

Total solar eclipse takes place when the earth, moon and sun together strike a perfect alignment such that the moon situated in the middle fully blocks out the sun for a brief moment in space and time, leaving out the halo of corona—the usually invisible sun’s outer atmosphere—a brilliant ring that glows from behind. For that brief period we remain under the shadow of the moon while the radiating corona flags the sun’s only identity in the sky. It is the only instance in time when although the sun is present in our view of the sky, its intense glare remains occluded. Albert Einstein around the year 1915 realized that this relatively rare instance gives us an astonishing window into the nature of reality. How? In the year 1915 Einstein had proposed—by his theory of general relativity—that spacetime conforms to the force of gravity. Simply, gravity gives geometry to the universe. And if this is true then matter bends light.

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An event of a total solar eclipse extends us a perfect window into which we can verify such bending of the light. The ultra bending of the light reaches a detection level only when caused by a massive cosmic body, such as sun. The bending of the light by the sun is ascertained by measuring the shifts in the positions of the background stars—the deflections of stars as the sun passes through (Picture 1). Measured in arcseconds—an extraordinarily miniscule amount—this deflection, however, would be impossible to pin down due the intense glare of sun on a usual day. The event of a total solar eclipse thus gives us a perfect window for studying sun’s gravitational field without being bedazzled by the blinding glow.

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The total solar eclipse of May 29, 1919, became a legendary eclipse (Picture 2) that attested the bending of light by matter, theorized by Einstein. The discovery of spacetime curvation by the force of gravity led us to a bigger and finer picture of the universe: From the way the universe might have begun to the existence of black holes to theory of wormhole to the pulsation of gravitational waves, recently detected by LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory).

The new picture emerged, and Einstein celebrated, by the mechanics of the natural grandeur.

Neeti.

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The Upcoming 2017 Solar Eclipse, Sweeping America on its Totality

The simple mechanics of total solar eclipse exposes deep-seated fundamentals of spacetime. Total solar eclipse occurs in an event of earth, moon, and sun alignment such that moon fully blocks out the sun, casting its shadow on earth on the zone of totality. What remains on sky is sun’s corona shimmering behind the bulbous moon: Includes a rendering imaginatively known as diamond ring. On August 21, 2017 we will transit such a mesmerizing and momentous (literally!) event, and the eclipse experts, chasers and broadcasters have their bits and takes on this. Here are some genuine picks  (1, 2) for those interested in details, and here is an interactive map of the upcoming totality. This year the ASP (Astronomical Society of the Pacific) is holding its annual meeting just for the purpose of convening the ideas and topics around the wonder of total solar eclipse, particularly toward preparing the upcoming 2017 one. Those interested in cosmic magnificence, and like to partake in grasping the nature of reality, would truly benefit from the event.

As profound as the cosmic phenomenon itself is, total solar eclipse has been pivotal in our understanding of the way universe shapes and continues, and a linchpin in rubber stamping a revolutionary theory to be a truly authentic reality. On the May 29 of 1919, an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician, Arthur Eddington, captured total solar eclipse on the island of Principe to validate Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity. General relativity offered to blend gravity in the earlier picture of Einstein’s own special relativity, showing that gravity is the geometry of spacetime itself. The endeavor set out by Eddington and his team pinned the precise bending of light that occurs due to the presence of a massive body, in accordance with the principle of general relativity, thus fully endorsing Einstein’s Magnum Opus. Sun as a massive body too bends light that travel from distant stars, but we cannot verify such bending simply because sun’s intense glare blocks out the positions of distant stars. The shade of a total solar eclipse enables us to measure such deflections in the position of stars, as the sun observes its gravity.

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The ramifications of general relativity are wide and far reaching, many we are still trying to fathom: From the origin of the universe to the existence of black holes (remember the fascinating Interstellar Gargantua), the phenomenon of wormhole, the prodigiously expanding universe to speculations of dark matter and dark energy to the recent detection of gravitational waves that employed state of the art technological sensitivity (10-16 cm in 4 km). General relativity has stood a century of experimental verifications, one recent with the validation of gravitational waves by LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory), and some tests are still brewing that involve extraordinary precisions to further endorse general relativity, like appraising the contortions due to the black hole at the center of our galaxy or seeing the free fall of different materials in space missions.

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The theory has shown the way universe propels, but also made our lives efficient on a daily basis. General relativity is a part of GPS navigation that we employ every day. Two well crafted titles that shed light on this deeply enriching theory are 1) The Perfect Theory by Pedro Ferreira, and 2) Big Bang by Simon Singh.

The first real validation of general relativity was ticked by the 1919 total solar eclipse. I will be attending the ASP meeting, and in the context of total solar eclipse, I will be speaking on the fundamental architecture of spacetime that the general relativity imparted.

For those interested in cosmic mechanics, deeper universal structure, or just scientific outreach to a wider community, it will be a good venue to participate and connect.

See you soon,

Neeti.

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Just some catching up today

Many of us who relished Interstellar also eagerly took to browsing The Science of Interstellar, a pictorially exquisite book title extended by Kip Thorne, the same scientist who oversaw the science behind the alluring storyline of Interstellar. And there are considerable bits in the book to savor on, as to why certain elements played the way they did, like the crux of gravitational anomaly in the landscape of movie, the brilliant depiction of black hole, the alleged ghost of Cooper that his daughter saw when young, Cooper’s slingshot, the notion of they that appeared in the narration of wormhole and the past-present union of tesseract, the thing depicting higher dimensional field, i.e. the materialization of tesseract—the essential scientific chunks that the movie couldn’t have covered, many wondered nonetheless. In fact I too did, with the stance of they, which turns out to be the analogy of bulk field appearing in the modern theoretical descriptions that strive to unify gravity by the way of quantum mechanics (which has been a fairly uphill task)—the gravitational force seeping the bulk, and thus the bulk (they) playing role in the anomalies we encounter at the 3-dimensional level (in the movie). I will leave it at this here. Do read it if enthused.

Fortuitously, I see just the article we need to brush up on the union of quantum mechanics and gravity: A Brush with Gravity (!). You will also see that mesmerizing display of the Interstellar black hole.

To acquaint you further with the title Physical Laws of the Mathematical Universe: Who Are We? I am leaving with you its TOC:

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Contents

  • Introduction

  • Marginalia

  • Reflections of the Universe

  • Mathematical Reality of the Universe under the Canopy of Physical Principles

  • The Voice of Transcendental Numbers

  • The Esoteric Pi(π): The Appearance of Curve

  • Boundaries of the Unfettered Universe

  • Witnessing the Boundaryless Structure of the Space-Time Landscape

  • Are We Dreaming or Awake?

  • The Arrival of Higher Dimension

  • The Culmination of Multitudinous Universes by the Sovereignty of Duality

  • The Fractional Universe: The Blanket of the Subconscious

  • Perpetually Expediting Cosmos

  • Peppered Space-Time: The Dabs of Units

  • The Conception of God by the Twist of the Human

  • Brief Notes

  •                       Discontinuous Continua

  •                                     a.        Aesthetics or Mathematics

  •                                     b.        Chaos is a Misnomer

  •                                     c.        Science and the Rest

  •                                     d.        They are Not Two Things

  •                                     e.        Entity: Discrete or Abstract?

  •                                     f.         In Words

  • Acknowledgments

  • Glossary

  • Bibliography

  • Index

  • Credits

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Interstellar

I had written this a short while ago. Thought it would be a good time to post it, for we all have a little more holiday-time flexibility to see a movie. So here it is.

Interstellar

Yes, the movie. After months of buzz blazed with mesmerizingly dazzling banners the much fancied, and anticipated by the physics and mathematics community and its writers, the blockbuster of Interstellar hit the theaters last Friday. I happened to be one of the patrons longingly waiting to sense through the full play at the first opportunity—for two prime reasons, and quite a few ancillary ones.

One, the intelligence of the subject—although the movie itself is a science-fiction, it unfolds by the descriptions and concepts of mathematical-physics that we currently employ to understand the continuum of space-time. I am not an admirer of all science fictions, but I would vote for this one without reservation. I can point to some of the bad examples of science fiction movies, but I do not want to upset directors and their followers! Anyhow, the second reason—actually is tied to the first one—being that the storyline fabric is composed with the consultancy of Kip Thorne, a notable theoretical physicists from California Institute of Technology, who has made wide inputs in both relativity and gravitational aspects of the grand universal design, accounting both the cosmic and quantum views.

Thus the architecture and workings of time dilation, black hole, singularity, higher dimension and parallel existences, and the theoretical wormhole—all playing out stunningly and enticingly on the IMAX silver screen—that stem from the unified understanding, are all incorporated into the flick with caution in what is palpably projectable.

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The ravishing appeal of a “wormhole” tucked around the Saturn rings can’t be overstated. So is the singularity of a black hole, and, on a technical side, the coordinative view of the spinning spacecraft (in the poster above). But all this scientific bits isn’t what makes the play wholesome. It is the fusion of human elements by the scaffolding of scientific knowledge that brings out an edifying texture. That the subliminal bearings aren’t independent of space-time; that intellective and emotional renderings may play decisively; that personal footings and worldly pursuits aren’t mutually exclusive… I shouldn’t keep on or else it will become a truly fictitious reverie. The point is that the scrupulous account of modern views slotted subjective traces too into the same knit.

Although in a movie with such an expanded perspective everyone is bound to have their own censors. One apparent one for me was the time and again reference of “they,” for an idea of a fifth-dimensional programming to be reflected in the three-dimensional plane. Though the notion fitted nicely into the script plot, it wavered loose ends either on scientific grounds or otherwise. Another was the fuzzy description of wormhole, and its contrived mechanism, especially because the wormhole played a sincere role in the flow of the story.

At a general level though there seemingly lurks a slight barrier if we are to follow the narrative fully and precisely. The movie is more appropriately cut out for those who are already familiar with the avant-garde developments of mathematical physics, their strengths and loopholes, and a little background of it all. The movie has a great deal of information seeped all over, and those without background may risk them for a pure fantasy. There are contextual meanings echoing throughout the plot. The flick is a popular account of our three dimensional world that tries to bespeak the higher verbalization of the quantum multiverse. So the lack of a prior knowledge of the basics may lead to a delusional land.

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Like around the end of the movie, an idea of “tesseract” abruptly crop up out of nowhere. Tesseract is a mathematical object, presenting a four dimensional version of a three dimensional cube. The object has played an indispensible role in our understanding of the higher dimensional plane, and the relativity that seeps through it all. But because of the lack of even a little referencing dialogue the value and beauty of the tesseract in that context can be missed by those who haven’t heard of tesseract, or its role in mathematical physics, beforehand.

A single mention of tesseract was enough though to enthrall math devotees.

I shouldn’t give out too many details in consideration of those who so far only meditated, and haven’t seen it yet.

Take a look. It is worth a three hours, and most of us won’t be disappointed. And let me know what fascinated you the most.

See you soon.

Have fun holidays.

Neeti.

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